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Beginnings of Jazz Study Notes

8th Grade WORLD of MUSIC Jazz Review Notes

Early Jazz Origins

Wynton Marsalis

-Jazz is Improvised Art -Allows us to speak to each other in the language of Music -Could only have happened in a new world -Rooted in The Blues -Celebrates all of human life.

Jazz said to be born in NEW ORLEANS

-New Orleans center of it's birth, but was happening in other cities too. -It's at the mouth of the Mississippi River. -Center of Slave Trade early 1800's -Field Hollers -Works Songs -Spirituals -Call & Response of African culture used in Baptist church services. -Mixture of all races & nationalities living side by side.

French Creoles: Mixture of French, African American, & Native American.

-Highly skilled Classically trained musicians in the French tradition.

Minstrel Shows began around 1840's

-Whites dressed up like Blacks and later, Blacks dressed up like Whites dressed up like Blacks. -Most popular form of entertainment for next 80 years. -First Pop songs, Plantation songs. -Traveled all over country, even small towns.

Wynton Marsales

-Too deep a story. Black entertainment appropriated by whites.

-Have to do degrading things so you can live with the tremendous affront to humanity that slavery was.

-Jim Crow Song by Daddy Rice about black stable boy. -Most popular song

-Civil War brought new freedom for Black people.

-1877, White rule brutally re-imposed on Blacks.

JIM CROW ERA

-Jim Crow segregation laws named after earlier Daddy Rice song.

-Racism forced Creole musicians to play with the black community.

-Caused merging of ideas, abilities, & styles.

RAGTIME

-Late 1800's -Drew from everything musically that had gone before. -America's most popular music for 25 years. -Highly syncopated up beat rhythmic style.

THE BLUES

-Late 1800's -Rural, slower lamenting vocal style. -Totally American -Hymn Tunes simple 3 chord harmony -12 bar phrases -Tells a story -Spirit of improvisation began by musicians adding fills to the vocal lines.

The Blues fed all the future streams of American music including Jazz and Rock.

Buddy Bolden ˆ born 1877

-Church trumpet player became first real jazz player. -Invented „The Big Four‰: Accenting the fourth beat. -Became best known black musician in New Orleans by 1906

Jelly Roll Morton ˆ First to write down jazz music

Original Dixieland Jazz Band ˆ 1917 -Made first recording of jazz -Out sold every other recording up until then -Jazz became a national craze

Louis Armstrong -Fatherless waif brought up on the mean streets of New Orleans -Developed what he called his gift, his genius as a trumpet player -Comes to Chicago and later New York -Becomes Jazzes greatest ambassador Jazz Eras

-Traditional or Dixieland style, early 1900‚s -Swing Era, early 1930‚s to late 1940‚s -Be-Bop Era, mid 1940‚s